Feminism and History (Oxford Readings in Feminism)

By Joan Wallach Scott
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Pages: 624, Date: 1996-05-23
ISBN-10 : 0198751699, PDF 6.4 mb

This stimulating volume offers a cross-disciplinary selection of recent articles on feminist history. Dismissing essentialist accounts of a universal female identity, the contributors examine how ideas about sexual difference are shaped by specific socio-historical circumstances.

How, for example, do issues such as race, class, gender, and sexuality impact on the experience of "women"? How are such categories defined in widely disparate cultures and time periods? Refreshingly open to non-western, as well as western, perspectives, Feminism and History addresses subjects from the experience of women in Colonial Asia to the ideology of sexual difference in Nazi Germany. Timely, provocative, and influential, these essays raise intriguing questions about the future direction of women's history.

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Speculative Philosophy

Speculative Philosophy : By Donald Phillip Verene
Publisher: Lexington Books
Pages: 190, Date: 2009-04-28
ISBN-10 : 0739136593, PDF, 523 KB

Synopsis
In this illuminating volume, Donald Phillip Verene challenges philosophy to pass beyond the limits of criticism and reflection toward a form of speculative philosophy that express the Hegelian sense in which the True is the whole and the Socratic sense in which the aim of philosophy is self-knowledge.
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Critical Thinking

By Richard L. Epstein
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pages: 464, Date: 2005-01-05
ISBN-10 : 0534583482, RAR'd PDF, 5MB

Description:
Critical thinking isn't as easy as it sounds. CRITICAL THINKING shows you how decision-making errors are made, and how to avoid them. By combining simple explanations with time-tested theories, CRITICAL THINKING helps you meet the challenges of life head-on. And because it includes over one thousand examples drawn from everyday life and tons of study tools, this textbook helps you get the grade you need.
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New Approaches to Qualitative Research: Wisdom and Uncertainty

Title : New Approaches to Qualitative Research
By Maggi Savin-Baden, Claire Howell Major
Publisher: Routledge
Pages: 200, Date: 2010-05-11
ISBN-10 : 041557241X, PDF 1.32 M

Description:
Qualitative research has seen a surge of growth during the past decade. This is in large part because positivist approaches have not yielded the kinds of results that had been anticipated, and more researchers are seeking alternative perspectives to understand phenomena.

The number of researchers using qualitative approaches continues to grow, yet there are few up-to-date guides to assist thinking broadly about qualitative research as a field of inquiry.

Over the decades the range of approaches has increased, which has led to an even greater lack of certainty about how to think about doing qualitative research. In considering key issues while offering practical guidance on how to work within the face of uncertainty, this book will be a valuable resource to this next generation of researchers.

New Approaches to Qualitative Research offers:

a clear understanding of the range of issues related to researcher stance, the way that researchers position themselves in relation to their subjects, their participants, and their own belief systems, and the way in which they locate themselves across the qualitative paradigm

an overview of some of the most cutting-edge qualitative techniques in use today: from the exploration of visual texts to the concept of inquiry to synthesis methods, this section lays out the state of the art in methodology

specific information regarding processes of data analysis, synthesis and interpretation that are employed in these various approaches.

In this book, the authors take the stance that qualitative research is a broad approach that encompasses and even encourages difference and uncertainty, and here at last they provide a route-map to this uncertain but fruitful line of inquiry. This vital text is ideal for professional researchers, final-year undergraduates and postgraduates in a range of subject areas.

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PDF For Oneself as Another

By Paul Ricoeur
Publisher: University Of Chicago Press
Pages: 374, Date: 1995-01-01
ISBN-10 : 0226713296, PDF, 34M, 600DPI

Description:
Paul Ricoeur has been hailed as one of the most important thinkers of the century. Oneself as Another, the clearest account of his "philosophical ethics," substantiates this position and lays the groundwork for a metaphysics of morals.

Focusing on the concept of personal identity, Ricoeur develops a hermeneutics of the self that charts its epistemological path and ontological status.

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Metaphor: A Practical Introduction

By Zoltan Kovecses
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Pages: 400, Date: 2010-03-12
ISBN-10 : 0195374940, pdf rar 1.058 MB

Description:
Combining up-to-date scholarship with clear and accessible language and helpful exercises, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction is an invaluable resource for all readers interested in metaphor.

This second edition includes two new chapters--on 'metaphors in discourse' and 'metaphor and emotion' --along with new exercises, responses to criticism and recent developments in the field, and revised student exercises, tables, and figures.

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Figurative Language and Thought | Counterpoints, Cognition, Memory and Language

By Albert N. Katz, Cristina Cacciari, Raymond W. Gibbs, Mark Turner
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Pages: 208, Date: 1998-09-10
ISBN-10 : 0195109627, 12 MB, PDF (1 file), every page as bitmap

Description:
Our understanding of the nature and processing of figurative language is central to several important issues in cognitive science, including the relationship of language and thought, how we process language, and how we comprehend abstract meaning.

Over the past fifteen years, traditional approaches to these issues have been challenged by experimental psychologists, linguists, and other cognitive scientists interested in the structures of the mind and the processes that operate on them. In Figurative Language and Thought, internationally recognized experts in the field of figurative language, Albert Katz, Mark Turner, Raymond W. Gibbs Jr., and Cristina Cacciari, provide a coherent and focused debate on the subject.

The book's authors discuss a variety of fundamental questions, including: What can figures of speech tell us about the structure of the conceptual system? If and how should we distinguish the literal from the nonliteral in our theories of language and thought? Are we primarily figurative thinkers and consequently figurative language users or the other way around? Why do we prefer to speak metaphorically in everyday conversation, when literal options may be available for use? Is metaphor the only vehicle through which we can understand abstract concepts? What role do cultural and social factors play in our comprehension of figurative language? These and related questions are raised and argued in an integrative look at the role of nonliteral language in cognition. This volume, a part of Counterpoints series, will be thought-provoking reading for a wide range of cognitive psychologists, linguists, and philosophers.

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Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought

By Jr., Raymond W. Gibbs
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Pages: 564, Date: 2008-09-22
ISBN-10: 0521841062, 5.15 MB PDF.rar

Description:
The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought offers the most comprehensive collection of essays in multidisciplinary metaphor scholarship that has ever been published. These essays explore the significance of metaphor in language, thought, culture, and artistic expression.

There are five main themes of the book: the roots of metaphor, metaphor understanding, metaphor in language and culture, metaphor in reasoning and feeling, and metaphor in nonverbal expression. Contributors come from a variety of academic disciplines, including psychology, linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science, literature, education, music, and law.

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PDF Books For The Philosophy of Law

 An Exposition of the Fundamental Principles of Jurisprudence As the Science of Right
By Immanuel Kant
Publisher: Lawbook Exchange
Pages: 265, Publication Date: 2002-05
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1584771313, 8.68mb PDF

Description:
Kant, Immanuel. The Philosophy of Law: An Exposition of the Fundamental Principles of Jurisprudence as the Science of Right. Translated from the German by W. Hastie, B.D. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1887. xxxvi, 265 pp. Reprinted 2002 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.

Published in 1797, The Philosophy of Law or Science of Right [Rechtslehre] stands as one of the most significant late works by the great Prussian philosopher. Though he lived in an atmosphere of political and social repression, it is evident that Kant [1724-1804] was sensitive to the revolutionary spirit that was spreading throughout Europe in the wake of Napoleon's armies.

Claiming that man is born with reason and an innate desire for freedom, he argued that the union of these natural gifts could bring about a new sense of order and harmony in future generations. This edition also reprints Kant's later Supplementary Explanations (1797), which was added to the second edition (1798).

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Data Analysis in Forensic Science: A Bayesian Decision Perspective

By Franco Taroni, Silvia Bozza, Alex Biedermann, Paolo Garbolino, Colin Aitken
Publisher: Wiley
Pages: 388, Date: 2010-06-08
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0470998350, Rar PDF~1.5 MB

Description
This is the first text to examine the use of statistical methods in forensic science and bayesian statistics in combination. The book is split into two parts: Part One concentrates on the philosophies of statistical inference. Chapter One examines the differences between the frequentist, the likelihood and the Bayesian perspectives, before Chapter Two explores the Bayesian decision–theoretic perspective further, and looks at the benefits it carries.

Part Two then introduces the reader to the practical aspects involved: the application, interpretation, summary and presentation of data analyses are all examined from a Bayesian decision–theoretic perspective. A wide range of statistical methods, essential in the analysis of forensic scientific data is explored. These include the comparison of allele proportions in populations, the comparison of means, the choice of sampling size, and the discrimination of items of evidence of unknown origin into predefined populations.

Throughout this practical appraisal there are a wide variety of examples taken from the routine work of forensic scientists. These applications are demonstrated in the ever–more popular R language. The reader is taken through these applied examples in a step–by–step approach, discussing the methods at each stage.

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Reference (Oxford Surveys in Semantics and Pragmatics)

Barbara Abbott,
Oxford University Press, USA
May 13, 2010 | ISBN: 0199203458
Pages: 288 | PDF | 1.2MB

This book introduces the most important problems of reference and considers the solutions that have been proposed to explain them. Reference is at the centre of debate among linguists and philosophers and, as Barbara Abbott shows, this has been the case for centuries. She begins by examining the basic issue of how far reference is a two place (words-world) or a three place (speakers-words-world) relation.

She then discusses the main aspects of the field and the issues associated with them, including those concerning proper names; direct reference and individual concepts; the difference between referential and quantificational descriptions; pronouns and indexicality; concepts like definiteness and strength; and noun phrases in discourse.

 Professor Abbott writes with exceptional verve and wit. She presupposes no technical knowledge or background and presents issues and analyses from first principles, illustrating them at every stage with well-chosen examples.

Her book is addressed in the first place to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in linguistics and philosophy of language, but it will also appeal to students and practitioners in computational linguistics, cognitive psychology, and anthropology. All will welcome the clarity this guide brings to a subject that continues to challenge the leading thinkers of the age.

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PDF For Punishment as Societal-Defense


By Phillip Montague
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Pages: 192, Date: 1996-01-01, ISBN-10 : 084768072X
PDF, 12.33 mb; scan, no OCR

Description: People punished by law are treated in ways that we consider immoral in other contexts.
In "Punishment as Societal-Defense", Phillip Montague develops a new theory of punishment that, instead of justifying it on the basis of deterrence or retribution, constructs it as analogous to individual self-defense.

If people are justified in defending themselves against wrongful aggression, Montague argues, the same principles of distributive justice underlie punishment as societal defense.

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